The spinal cord is a long bodily structure that extends from the bottom of the brainstem to the bottom of the spine. It is surrounded by the spine itself and consists of a variety of important nerves that carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
Types of Spinal Cord Injuries and Paralysis
There are two primary types of spinal cord injuries, differentiated by the degree of damage sustained and resulting effects. When a person loses all sensation and their ability to control movement below the damaged area, they have suffered a complete injury. If the injured person maintains some degree of functioning below the damaged area, they have experienced an incomplete injury. Paralysis is a common side effect of serious spinal cord injuries, and paralyzed individuals may suffer from either quadriplegia or paraplegia. Quadriplegia is paralysis in the arms, hands, legs, trunk, and pelvis, and it is the more severe form of paralysis. Paraplegia impacts all or part of the legs, trunk, and pelvis.